ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemic trend and characteristics of echinococcosis in Zhuoni County, and to provide evidence for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods From 2008 to 2016, according to the "Monitoring Program for Prevention and Control of Echinococcosis in Gansu", a cluster sampling method was adopted to examine the prevalence of echinococcosis in the villages and towns of Zhuoni County with the administrative village as a unit; B ultrasonic examination was used to study the prevalence of echinococcosis in the population. According to "the Diagnostic Criteria of Echinococcosis"( WS 257-2006), epidemiological history and clinical manifestations, the detection rate of echinococcosis was calculated; children under 12 years of age in one rural primary school were surveyed every year in each of the disease affected county; venous blood was collected, serum was separated, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the IgG antibody of echinococcosis, and the positive rate of IgG antibody of echinococcosis in children was calculated; 50 - 100 households were sellected every year in each of the disease affected village and town, one sample of canine feces was collected from each household, the fecal antigen of echinococcus canis was detected via the double antibody sandwich ELISA method, and the positive rate of dog fecal antigen was calculated; every year 700 sheep or 300 cattle were randomly dissected at the slaughterhouse of Zhuoni County , and their organs such as liver and lungs of slaughtered cattle and sheep were examined, the infection rate of echinococcosis in the year was calculated. Results From 2008 to 2016, echinococcus detection rate in Zhuoni County was 0.18％(200/108522), and all of the cases were cystic;the detection rate of female (0.23％, 123/53556) was higher than that of male (0.14％, 77/54966), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=11.83, P<0.05);the number of farmer cases was the highest (58.00％, 116/200), followed by herdsmen (39.50％, 79/200);96.94％(95/98) of the administrative villages in Zhuoni County had echinococcus;the disease was most severe in pure pastoral areas (0.44％, 15/3423), followed by semi pastoral areas (0.37％, 29/7756), and cities and towns the least (0.06％, 16/25923). The positive rate of IgG in children with echinococcus was 2.13％(235/11048), the infection rate of echinococcus canis was 1.71％(183/10711), and the infection rate of echinococcus in livestock was 1.36％ (100/7348). The detection rate of echinococcus decreased from 1.02％(106/10350) in 2009 to 0.03％(3/11804) in 2016, the IgG positive rate of echinococcus in children dropped from 7.50％ (9/120) in 2008 to 0.71％ in 2016 (9/1264), the infection rate of echinococcus canis decreased from 3.13％(47/1500) in 2009 to 0.30％(3/1000) in 2016, and the rate of echinococcus in livestock infection decreased from 4.21％ (34/807) in 2010 to 0.30％(3/1000) in 2016. Conclusions County wide epidemic of echinococcus is found in Zhuoni with serious damage; after 9 years of comprehensive prevention and control, the detection rate of echinococcosis, IgG positive rate of echinococcus in children, positive rate of echinococcus granulosus antigen in domestic dogs and infection rate of echinococcosis in livestock are all decreased significantly. It shows that comprehensive prevention and control strategy has achieved remarkable results.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemic status of Kala azar in Gannan of Gansu Province and to provide a scientific basis for making effective control measures.Methods The epidemic monitoring data of Gannan Kala azar from the infectious disease network direct reporting system and the Gannan County Center for Disease Prevention and Control was collected, descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the distribution of Kala azar.Results From 2005 to 2014, a total of 285 Kala azar cases were reported, the incidence rate was 4.21/one hundred thousand (285/6 764 645).The incidence rate in 2005 was the lowest (1.97/one hundred thousand, 13/658 961), in 2011 was the highest (6.39/one hundred thousand, 44/689 104).The cases mainly distributed in the Bailongjiang Valley in Zhouqu County (14.97/one hundred thousand, 200/1 336 150) and Diebu County (14.29/one hundred thousand, 76/531 915).Gannan had reported the cases of Kala azar all year round, and the cases were sporadically distributed.The time of the disease mainly occurred from May to August.The incidence rate in male (58.60％, 167/285), children under 5 years old (43.86％, 125/285) and farmers and herdsmen (25.26％,72/285) accounted for the major parts.In addition to Luqu County and Xiahe County, other counties had cases of imported Kala azar.Conclusion Kala azar in Gannan is happened sporadically year round.Long-term mechanism need to be established;investment funding should be ensured;the monitoring of the epidemic should be strengthened;the epidemic situation of Kala azar should be timely reported in order to effectively prevent and control the epidemic of Kala azar in Gansu.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of hydatid disease in Gansu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(Gannan state) Gannan Province,and prevalence of the disease in population,livestock and final host dogs,and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures.Methods In 2012:①An investigation was carried out according to the requirements of Technical Solutions of Hydatid Disease Prevalence,Gansu Province; in every county(city) of Gannan Prefecture,administrative villages were selected as survey units,by stratified cluster sampling based on the semi agricultural semi pastoral areas,pastoral areas,agricultural areas and towns.According to the proportion of the population of each layer to the population of each county,the number of people and the number of villages to be surveyed were determined.Sixteen villages were selected,and 200 people were selected in each village(from a neighboring village to make up the insufficient number in case of need),and B ultrasound method was used to carry out the census.②Children serum survey:stratification was done according to pastoral areas,semi agricultural semi pastoral areas,agricultural areas and towns population in each county(city),1 primary school was selected,children less than 12 years old were examined by B Ultrasound,and serum antibodies of Echinococcus granulosus were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).③ Surveillance of source of infection:in the selected villages,20 kennel households were selected in each village,dog feces was collected,and canine Echinococcus antigen was detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA method.④)Monitoring of intermediate host:1 000 sheep (or 500 cattle) were selected in each county(city),and hydatid disease was examined by anatomical method.⑤Investigation of health education was done in the form of a questionnaire survey of hydatid disease prevention knowledge and behavior survey on the awareness rate.Results The prevalence rate of population was 0.10％ (29/28 960); prevalence rate of herdsmen was 0.13％ (17/13 015); farmers prevalence rate was 0.06％(8/12 780); in children under 12 years of age,the infection rate was 2.64％ (336/12 728) ; dog infection rate were 3.90％ (117/3 001) ; livestock infection rate was 1.72％ (121/7 027); and the infection rates of cattle and sheep were 2.41％(38/1 574) and 1.52％(83/5 453),respectively.The rate increased from 40％(720/1 800) to 70％(1 260/1 800) of hydatid disease prevention knowledge awareness in farmers and herdsmen after health education.Conclusions The scope of hydatid disease in Gannan Prefecture is broad; the patient population mainly is herdsmen,and farmer is second.Epidemic factors include contact canine and vices; the farmers and herdsmen have low awareness of hydatid disease prevention knowledge.Poor production and lifestyle are difficult to change in the short term,we need to further strengthen the prevention measures.